Screen time has a long-term impact on a child's brain.
Scientists say that watching TV, playing video games or using a tablet has both positive and negative effects on the shape and function of the brains of youngsters.
A review of 23 years' worth of neuroimaging - including 33 studies measuring the impact on under 12s - discovered that screen time causes changes in the brain's pre-frontal complex, which is responsible for functions including working memory.
Tablet users were discovered to have worse brain function and problem-solving ability while video gaming and high internet usage impact badly on intelligence scores and brain volume.
Professor Hui Li, of The Education University of Hong Kong, said: "It should be recognised by educators and caregivers that children's cognitive development may be influenced by their digital experiences."