Dog owners have been warned to stop their pets from licking people's faces.
New findings have revealed that pooches can give humans superbugs and people have also been advised to avoid kissing animals and sharing plates with them.
Dr. Juliana Menezes, a microbe expert from the University of Lisbon, said: "Studies have linked the close contact between pets and their owners to the sharing of bacteria.
"Risk factors include kissing, licking or eating from owners' plates."
Menezes recommended that humans wash their hands after petting their dogs and thinks the findings are worrying as people may become resistant to antibiotics.
She told the Daily Telegraph newspaper: "Even before COVID, antibiotic resistance was one of the biggest threats to public health.
"It can make conditions like pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract and wound infections untreatable.
"Our findings reinforce the need for people to practice good hygiene around their pets and to reduce the use of unnecessary antibiotics in companion animals and people."